Literaturwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Dingkultur anhand von Christoph Peters’ Roman "Mitsukos Restaurant"

Beziehung aufbauen kann. Es geht ja nicht darum, hier einzufallen, ein Ding abzugreifen, Geld auf den Tisch zu knallen – und ab nach Hause damit. (Peters 206) Genau in der Mitte des Romans Mitsukos Restaurant lässt der Autor Christoph Peters seinen Hauptprotagonisten Achim Wiese den oben zitierten Satz sagen. Dieser will herausfinden, ob er eine Beziehung zu einem „Ding“ aufbauen kann. Bereits früher im Roman zeigt sich, dass Achim eine Vorliebe für ostasiatische Keramiken hat, und insgesamt spielen japanische Teeschalen, Chawan genannt, durchgängig eine bedeutende Rolle im Verlauf der Romanhandlung. Auch andere Figuren stehen in einem besonderen Verhältnis zu diesen Schalen. In dieser Arbeit sollen nun die verschiedenen Beziehungen der Figuren zu den „Dingen“ untersucht werden, insbesondere die des Protagonisten Achim. Zugrunde gelegt werden dabei die Studien über die Dingkultur von Jean Baudrillard, Karl-Heinz Kohl und Hans Peter Hahn. Bereits in Das System der Dinge. Über unser Verhältnis zu den alltäglichen Dingen aus dem Jahre 1968 unterscheidet Baudrillard zwischen der Funktionalität eines Gegenstandes und dessen Personalisierung durch den Menschen. Hans Peter Hahns theoretischer Text Materielle Kultur von 2005 unterteilt die Subjekt-Objekt-Beziehung in die drei Phasen Wahrnehmung, Umgang mit den Dingen und Bedeutungen der Dinge. Karl-Heinz Kohl bietet in Die Macht der Dinge. Geschichte und Theorie sakraler Objekte von 2003 eine Systematik der Gattungen von Gegenständen und ordnet sie hierarchisch. Kohl erkennt in den sakralen Objekten eine Beseelung der Dinge. Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden die wesentlichen Aspekte der Dingkultur nach diesen Studien zusammengefasst. Im Hauptteil wird Christoph Peters’ Roman Mitsukos Restaurant zunächst narratologisch analysiert unter Bezugnahme auf die Einführung in die Erzähltheorie von Matias Martinez und Michael Scheffel. Danach wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die Dingkultur im Roman verwendet wird, insbesondere wie sich die Beziehung der Figuren zu den „Dingen“ gestaltet. Dafür werden drei exemplarische Beispiele herangezogen. Im Fokus werden einmal Achims wechselnde Herangehensweisen sein, sich den Teeschalen anzunähern. Ebenso wird die Funktion des Geschenkaustausches zwischen Achim und Mitsuko untersucht, hierbei wird besonderes Augenmerk auf den ritualisierten „Umgang“ mit den Teeschalen gerichtet. Im Anschluss daran wird anhand der Parallelgeschichte gezeigt, welche Funktion der handwerklich aufwendige Herstellungsprozess bei der Bewertung der Chawan durch die Figuren im Roman hat. In einem zweiten Schritt wird überprüft, warum die Dingkultur im Roman in dieser Weise eingesetzt wird. Insbesondere interessieren dabei folgende Fragen: Was reizt Achim an Mitsuko? Trägt sein Interesse an den Teeschalen fetischistische Züge? Womit verknüpft Achim seine Bedeutungszuweisungen an die Schalen? Die Schlussbetrachtung wird versuchen den Roman Mitsukos Restaurant gattungs- und epochengeschichtlich einzuordnen

Integrated Lunar Information Architecture for Decision Support Version 3.0 (ILIADS 3.0)

ILIADS 3.0 provides the data management capabilities to access CxP-vetted lunar data sets from the LMMP-provided Data Portal and the LMMP-provided On-Moon lunar data product server. (LMMP stands for Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project.) It also provides specific quantitative analysis functions to meet the stated LMMP Level 3 functional and performance requirements specifications that were approved by the CxP. The purpose of ILIADS 3.0 is to provide an integrated, rich client lunar GIS software applicatio

Interplay of epitaxial strain and rotations in PbTiO3_3/PbZrO3_3 superlattices from first principles

We present first-principles calculations of the structural phase behavior of the [1:1] \pzta\ superlattice and the \ptoa\ and \pzoa\ parent compounds as a function of in-plane epitaxial strain. A symmetry analysis is used to identify the phases and clarify how they arise from an interplay between different kinds of structural distortions, including out-of-plane and in-plane polar modes, rotation of oxygen octahedra around out-of-plane or in-plane axes, and an anti-polar mode. Symmetry-allowed intermode couplings are identified and used to elucidate the nature of the observed phase transitions. For the minimum-period [1:1] \pzta\ superlattice, we identify a sequence of three transitions that occur as the in-plane lattice constant is increased. All four of the phases involve substantial oxygen octahedral rotations, and an antipolar distortion is important in the high-tensile-strain phase. Inclusion of these distortions is found to be crucial for an accurate determination of the phase boundaries.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Earth observations from DSCOVR EPIC instrument

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O3) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.The NASA GSFC DSCOVR project is funded by NASA Earth Science Division. We gratefully acknowledge the work by S. Taylor and B. Fisher for help with the SO2 retrievals and Marshall Sutton, Carl Hostetter, and the EPIC NISTAR project for help with EPIC data. We also would like to thank the EPIC Cloud Algorithm team, especially Dr. Gala Wind, for the contribution to the EPIC cloud products. (NASA Earth Science Division)Accepted manuscrip

Binding patterns of homo-peptides on bare magnetic nanoparticles: insights into environmental dependence

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensively investigated for applications in nanomedicine, catalysis and biotechnology, where their interaction with peptides and proteins plays an important role. However, the characterisation of the interaction of individual amino acids with MNP remains challenging. Here, we classify the affinity of 20 amino acid homo-hexamers to unmodified iron oxide nanoparticles using peptide arrays in a variety of conditions as a basis to identify and rationally design selectively binding peptides. The choice of buffer system is shown to strongly influence the availability of peptide binding sites on the MNP surface. We find that under certain buffer conditions peptides of different charges can bind the MNP and that the relative strength of the interactions can be modulated by changing the buffer. We further present a model for the competition between the buffer and the MNP’s electrostatically binding to the adsorption sites. Thereby, we demonstrate that the charge distribution on the surface can be used to correlate the binding of positively and negatively charged peptides to the MNP. This analysis enables us to engineer the binding of MNP on peptides and contribute to better understand the bio-nano interactions, a step towards the design of affinity tags for advanced biomaterials

Water-light interaction: A novel pathway for multi hallmark therapy in cancer

Laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) has been proposed as a multi-target (multi-hallmark) therapy for cancer and other complex diseases based on an approach that aims to substitute and/or complement metabolic energy pathways through oxygen-dependent (e.g., cytochrome c oxidase (CcO)) and/or oxygen-independent (e.g., light-water interactions (e.g., F0-F1 motors)) mechanisms with critical signaling pathways in primarily aqueous media. Cellular and molecular bases for water-mediated, long-range, energy supplementation aimed at inducing and modulating physiologically reparative processes, including apoptosis, have been previously presented through a mechanism termed Photo Infrared Pulsed Biomodulation (PIPBM). Water’s role as an oscillator in LPBM has also been documented. These ideas were recently complemented by integrating the role of the quasi-crystalline exclusion zone (EZ) described by Pollack as the fourth phase of water. This is retrospective analysis of experimental and clinical data using an infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD). It found photo-induced effects over the water dynamics of burned rat tissue monitored by 1H-NMR transverse relaxation times (1/T2), indicating significantly greater structuring of water. In addition, a microdensitometry study of T2 weighted tumor heterogeneities from a phase I clinical trial of the IPLD in patients with advanced neoplasias and an algorithm for tumor characterization indicated significantly increased structuring of water, possibly proving a photobiomodulation effect over the EZ associated with histologically-confirmed selective photo-induced tumor cell death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical demonstration of light-induced effects over the EZ. It supports our premise that LPBM can increase potential energy in the EZ, which then acts as a rechargeable electrolytic bio-battery for the external selective supplementation of the energy demand required for cellular work, signaling pathways and gene expression in the presence of injury-induced redox potentials. It further suggests that EZ structuring may be used as a predicator of anticancer response before measurable tumor volume reduction.------------------------------------------------Cite this article as: Santana-Blank L, Rodriguez-Santana E, Reyes H, Santana- Rodriguez J, Santana- Rodriguez K. Water-light interaction: A novel pathway for multi hallmark therapy in cancer. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(1):02012.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0201.

Use of Placebos and Nonspecific and Complementary Treatments by German Physicians - Rationale and Development of a Questionnaire for a Nationwide Survey

Background: We are performing a nationwide survey in a random sample ofGerman general practitioners (GPs), orthopedists, and internists on theuse of placebos and nonspecific as well as complementary treatments andtheir association with basic professional attitudes. In this article weexplain the theoretical considerations behind the study approach and thedevelopment of the questionnaire. Methods: Based on a systematic reviewof published surveys, own surveys on the topic, and on theoreticalconsiderations we developed a preliminary version of a 4-pagequestionnaire that was tested for feasibility in a convenience sample of80 participants of a general medical education event. We also performedcognitive interviews with 8 physicians to investigate whether thequestions were understood adequately. Results: The questions on typicalplacebos and complementary treatments were well understood and easy toanswer for participants. Discussions about the phrasing of questions onnonspecific treatments during interview reflected the vagueness of thisconcept; but this did not seem to create major problems when answeringthe related questions. The original questions regarding basicprofessional attitudes partly were not understood in the mannerintended. The relevant questions were modified but the interviewssuggest that these issues are difficult to grasp in a quantitativesurvey. Conclusion: Our testing procedures suggest that ourquestionnaire is well-suited to investigate our questions with somelimitations regarding the issue of basic professional attitudes